Layer 1 refers to the base blockchain network that processes and finalizes transactions directly on the main chain. Examples include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and Avalanche.
Layer 1 characteristics include consensus mechanism implementation, native cryptocurrency, transaction finality on main chain, and security guarantees.
Layer 1 comparison: Bitcoin focuses on security and decentralization, Ethereum balances programmability and security, Solana prioritizes speed and throughput, and Avalanche emphasizes customizable subnets.
Layer 1 scaling solutions include larger block sizes, faster block times, sharding, and parallel processing.